Percheron Horse Breed: The Original War Horse
The Percheron horse breed has a fascinating history, evolving from a sought after war horse to a valuable farm horse. Known for their power and grace, Percherons stand out as one of the most versatile breeds. The Percheron breed originated in the Perche country of France, a rural and fertile region that shaped the breed’s characteristics. While the breed is closely linked to this area, its exact origins are still debated among historians, with various theories and legends about its ancestral roots. Initially used by French knights, Percherons later played a crucial role in World War I by pulling military vehicles.
Over time, these animals shifted from military duties to hauling heavy goods, pulling carriages, and assisting with agricultural work. With their stunning appearance, remarkable strength, and gentle temperament, Percherons have become popular not only in France but across the globe.
The draft horse population, including Percherons, has fluctuated over time due to changes in agriculture and mechanization. Wars, industrialization, and renewed interest in draft horses have all influenced the number of Percherons and their role within the broader draft horse population.
Let’s explore the details of the Percheron breed.
What is a Percheron Horse?
The Percheron breed is characterised as being very large, strong, and intelligent. These horses, with their distinctive appearance, have a long history. As a larger horse, the Percheron is among the largest of the draft breeds, often compared to other draft breeds for its impressive size and power. The Percheron breed is a unique blend of Arabian elegance combined with the robust strength of a draft horse, making it a very useful animal.
Percheron Horse Origin
The Percheron horse originated in France’s Perche province, now part of the Huisne River Valley. The French National Stud Farm Du Pin, also known as Le Pin, was established by the French government as a royal stud in the early 19th century for breeding military and army mounts. Originally bred for cavalry, Percherons have been part of the National Stud Farm since the late 1600s.
Percheron horses are said to have been bred from Arabian stallions and mares from the Perche region. Several theories also include oriental blood in these first Percherons. Some believe the Percheron is closely related to the Boulonnais horse, and that the breed’s development may date back to the eighth century.
A significant moment in the Percheron breeding history was the birth of Jean Le Blanc, foaled at Le Pin in 1823. This stallion is considered the ancestor of all modern day Percherons. His lineage became central to breeding horses for both diligence horses and army mounts. Over time, selective breeding enhanced the breed’s strength and endurance, cementing its place as one of the most notable draft horse breeds in the world.
Percherons were imported to Great Britain and the United States in the 19th century, with French breeders playing a key role in exporting the breed and establishing its prominence abroad.
Here are some interesting Percheron horse facts:
Origin: Huisne River Valley, France
Colour: Born black, they may remain black or transition to a dappled grey, eventually turning whiter with age.
Size: Known for their large, muscular build
Temperament: Intelligent and hard working
Uses: Warhorses, agricultural work, carriage pulling, and more
Quote: Sidney Galtry famously mentioned Percherons as the most successful horse of the animals of WW1.
Historical link: The Haras National du Pin, which enjoys support from the French government, still has a herd of Percherons.
Appearance: Strong legs, broad hocks, arched crest, wide chest, and deep well laid shoulders with great muscular development
Official organisations: The Percheron Association with American bred Percheron stallions, and the British Percheron Horse Society with the British Percheron. Both maintain stud book records that ensure good quality breed standards.
Other names: Coach horse or Diligence horse, named for a type of passenger stage coach; diligence horses were bred to pull passenger coaches, and the breed’s role as breeding horses was essential to its spread.
Percheron Horse Size
Percheron horses are enormous; in fact, they are among the largest horse breeds in the world. Notably, in 1915, the famous Percheron, Dr Le Gear, was named the world’s largest horse, standing a massive 21 hands high (7 feet) and weighing 2,996 lbs. Most Percherons, however, typically stand between 15 and 19 hands and weigh between 1,800 and 2,600 lbs, with a straight profile to their head that gives them an elegant and balanced appearance.
But just how big are Percheron horses on average?
How tall are Percheron horses?
Percherons often stand between 16 and 19 hands tall, approximately 64 to 76 inches. This impressive height makes them one of the tallest horse breeds.
How much does a Percheron horse weigh?
The average weight of a Percheron horse ranges from 1,600 to 2,600 lbs. Some Percherons can weigh even more, depending on factors like diet and exercise.
Despite their intimidating size and being among the strongest horse breeds, these good natured horses are surprisingly gentle.
Percheron Horse Temperament
Different breeds have different horse personality types. The Percheron stands out for its calm and friendly nature. These patient and intelligent animals are active, easy to train, and enjoyable to work with.
Percherons are willing to please and have a friendly temperament. Their docile personality makes them a great fit for novice riders or handlers who might otherwise be intimidated by the size of such a large animal. In addition to their traditional role as working Percherons in draft and driving, they can also be ridden under saddle, making them versatile for both work and pleasure.
Are Percheron horses good for beginners?
The temperament of Percheron horses makes them an excellent choice for beginners, even if they are just starting to learn how to ride a horse.
Percheron Breed Registry and Standards
The Percheron Horse Association of America (PHAA) stands as the cornerstone for Percheron horses in North America, ensuring that the breed’s legacy and quality are preserved for generations to come. Established in 1876, the PHAA is one of the oldest purebred livestock associations in the United States, dedicated to maintaining the official registry for purebred Percheron horses and upholding strict breed standards.
These standards define what makes a Percheron horse truly exceptional: a muscular build, a calm and gentle temperament, and the iconic gray or black coat. According to the PHAA, the ideal Percheron stands between 15 and 19 hands high and weighs between 1,900 and 2,600 pounds, embodying the strength and grace that have made the breed famous worldwide. The association also places a strong emphasis on the gentle giants’ temperament, ensuring that Percheron stallions and mares are not only powerful but also easy to handle and work with.
For breeders and horse owners, registering with the PHAA is a mark of quality and commitment. The association provides valuable resources, from breeding guidelines to educational materials, and fosters a supportive community for those passionate about the Percheron breed. This is especially important for American bred Percheron stallions, as proper registration helps maintain the integrity and reputation of the breed across the world.
Beyond America, the Percheron breed is supported by organizations such as the British Percheron Horse Society and the French Percheron breed association. These groups work together to promote the breed, share best practices, and ensure that Percheron horses continue to meet high standards globally. Whether you are a breeder, a farmer, or simply an admirer of these magnificent horses, the work of these associations helps safeguard the history and future of the Percheron breed.
Care and Nutrition for Optimal Health
Caring for Percheron horses means understanding their unique needs as one of the world’s most impressive draft breeds. These gentle giants require a thoughtful approach to nutrition and daily care to keep them healthy, happy, and ready for work or leisure.
As draft horses, Percherons have a larger frame and greater muscle mass than most horses, which means their diet must be carefully balanced. High quality hay should form the foundation of their meals, making up at least 2-3% of their body weight each day. In addition, grains such as oats, corn, or barley can be included, but it’s important to choose options that are low in starch and sugar to help prevent health issues like equine polysaccharide storage myopathy (EPSM) and laminitis conditions to which draft horses can be prone.
Supplements may also be necessary to ensure Percheron horses receive enough vitamins and minerals, especially if they are working regularly or have specific health needs. Access to fresh water and salt at all times is essential for their well being. Regular veterinary care including dental checkups, vaccinations, and deworming helps prevent common health problems and keeps these horses in top condition.
Exercise is another key component of Percheron care. While their calm temperaments make them easy to handle, they still need regular turnout and opportunities to move, whether it’s walking, trotting, or even light cantering. Many Percheron horses thrive when given a job, whether that’s pulling carriages, working on the farm, or participating in sleigh rides and other activities.
With the right nutrition, exercise, and attentive care, Percheron horses can enjoy long, healthy lives. Their gentle nature and impressive strength make them a joy to work with, and proper management ensures these beloved draft horses remain happy and healthy members of any stable or farm.
What Are Percheron Horses Used For?
Historically, Percheron horses were bred as war horses. But as knights went out of fashion, their roles evolved. Their strength and endurance made them invaluable for many other tasks, including pulling heavy stage coaches, stage coaches, and passenger coaches for mail and public transportation before the advent of rail transport.
Agricultural work
Percheron horses are useful on farms, where they handle heavy machinery and plow fields. Their strength is also beneficial in logging camps, where they haul logs.
Commercial work
Percherons are popular in commercial settings, like providing carriage rides to tourists in cities and at events.
Events
Percheron horses have become a highlight in sports shows, including the Heavy Horse Driving Trials. A notable event is the Route du Poisson, known as the ‘Fish Race‘, held every two years in France. This unique event covers approximately 10.6 miles and showcases the Percheron’s impressive stamina and skill.
This breed is also often seen in parades and show rings, where they continue to captivate audiences.
Policing
Thanks to their docile nature, it is no surprise that the British Percheron is one of the breeds of horses that police use in the UK. Their calm demeanor makes them well suited to patrolling crowded areas, where their size offers a reassuring presence.
FAQs
How long do Percheron horses live?
The average lifespan of a Percheron is 25 to 30 years (or even longer with good care), which is relatively long for a draft horse.
Which horse is bigger, Clydesdale or Percheron?
Both Clydesdales and Percherons are large draft horses. Clydesdales are often taller, standing between 17 to 19 hands, while Percherons typically range from 16 to 19 hands.
While both are heavy horse breeds, Clydesdales typically weigh around 2,000 lbs, whereas a Percheron horse can weigh between 1,600 and 2,600 lbs.
What are the disadvantages of a Percheron horse?
The disadvantages of Percheron horses include:
Size related care: Larger horses require more food, larger stables, and extra considerations during transport.
Agility: While strong and capable, Percherons are not as agile as light horse breeds, making them less suited to activities requiring speed or quick maneuvers.
Training challenges: Due to their size, handling, and training, Percherons can be intimidating for novice owners.
Are Percherons good riding horses?
Yes, Percherons can make good riding horses for those comfortable with their size. They are known for being calm, steady, and willing, making them well suited for pleasure and trail riding. However, due to their draft build, they are not typically used for speed or performance disciplines like jumping.
Final Thoughts
Percheron horses are a remarkable breed, celebrated for their strength, versatility, and gentle nature. From their origins as war horses to their current roles in farming, heavy duty work, and even policing, they continue to captivate horse enthusiasts worldwide.
Their intelligence, patience, and willingness to please make them an excellent choice. Despite their formidable size, their calm temperament ensures they can be gentle giants in the right hands.
